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Physical Review Physics Education Research
written by Z. Yasemin Kalender, Emily Marshman, Christian D. Schunn, Timothy J. Nokes-Malach, and Chandralekha Singh
Self-efficacy is an aspect of students' motivation that has been shown to play a critical role in students' engagement, participation, and retention in academic careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Since women are underrepresented in STEM domains such as physics, we studied female and male students' self-efficacy and its relation to learning outcomes in physics that can be useful for creating equitable and inclusive learning environments. In a longitudinal study, we surveyed approximately 1400 students in calculus-based physics 2 courses to investigate students' motivational beliefs in physics using a validated survey. We examined female and male students' self-efficacy scores and the extent to which self-efficacy related to learning outcomes (students' grades and conceptual post-test scores), especially the significant gender difference in conceptual post-test scores. To reveal the unique contribution of self-efficacy on outcomes, we controlled for several other variables including Physics 1 grades, SAT math scores, and conceptual pretest scores in physics. We found that the gender differences in conceptual post-test performance were mediated by the model variables. In particular, initial self-efficacy differences showed a direct effect on outcomes even when controlling for students' prior physics knowledge and skill differences, and self-efficacy also had the strongest total gender effect on conceptual learning. Given these findings, future work should focus on better understanding the drivers of these self-efficacy differences including the role that societal stereotypes and biases play in these in order to mitigate these differences.
Physical Review Physics Education Research: Volume 16, Issue 1, Pages 010118
Subjects Levels Resource Types
Education Foundations
- Assessment
= Self Assessment
- Learning Theory
- Research Design & Methodology
= Data
= Validity
- Sample Population
= Gender
- Societal Issues
= Gender Issues
- Student Characteristics
= Affect
Education Practices
- Learning Environment
- Recruitment
= Diversity
Electricity & Magnetism
- General
General Physics
- Physics Education Research
- Upper Undergraduate
- Reference Material
= Research study
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- Educators
- Professional/Practitioners
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Access Rights:
Free access
License:
This material is released under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license.
Rights Holder:
American Physical Society
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.16.010118
NSF Number:
DUE-1524575
Keywords:
attitudes, belongingness, fixed mindset, gender imbalance, growth mindset, inclusion, inclusivity, physics identity
Record Creator:
Metadata instance created June 15, 2020 by Lyle Barbato
Record Updated:
January 10, 2023 by Caroline Hall
Last Update
when Cataloged:
April 9, 2020
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