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the Nokia Bell Labs
This website presents a history of how Townes and Schawlow invented the laser. The story is supported by pictures and by quotations from the two inventors.
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Record Link
<a href="https://www.compadre.org/portal/items/detail.cfm?ID=5491">Nokia Bell Labs. From Maser to Laser - Schawlow and Townes Invent the Laser. Nokia Bell Labs, July 10, 2007.</a>
AIP Format
(Nokia Bell Labs, 1998), WWW Document, (https://www.nokia.com/bell-labs/about/history/innovation-stories/maser-laser/).
AJP/PRST-PER
From Maser to Laser - Schawlow and Townes Invent the Laser (Nokia Bell Labs, 1998), <https://www.nokia.com/bell-labs/about/history/innovation-stories/maser-laser/>.
APA Format
From Maser to Laser - Schawlow and Townes Invent the Laser. (2007, July 10). Retrieved May 4, 2025, from Nokia Bell Labs: https://www.nokia.com/bell-labs/about/history/innovation-stories/maser-laser/
Chicago Format
Nokia Bell Labs. From Maser to Laser - Schawlow and Townes Invent the Laser. Nokia Bell Labs, July 10, 2007. https://www.nokia.com/bell-labs/about/history/innovation-stories/maser-laser/ (accessed 4 May 2025).
MLA Format
From Maser to Laser - Schawlow and Townes Invent the Laser. Nokia Bell Labs, 1998. 10 July 2007. 4 May 2025 <https://www.nokia.com/bell-labs/about/history/innovation-stories/maser-laser/>.
BibTeX Export Format
@misc{
Title = {From Maser to Laser - Schawlow and Townes Invent the Laser},
Publisher = {Nokia Bell Labs},
Volume = {2025},
Number = {4 May 2025},
Month = {July 10, 2007},
Year = {1998}
}
Refer Export Format
%T From Maser to Laser - Schawlow and Townes Invent the Laser %D July 10, 2007 %I Nokia Bell Labs %U https://www.nokia.com/bell-labs/about/history/innovation-stories/maser-laser/ %O text/html
EndNote Export Format
%0 Electronic Source %D July 10, 2007 %T From Maser to Laser - Schawlow and Townes Invent the Laser %I Nokia Bell Labs %V 2025 %N 4 May 2025 %8 July 10, 2007 %9 text/html %U https://www.nokia.com/bell-labs/about/history/innovation-stories/maser-laser/ Disclaimer: ComPADRE offers citation styles as a guide only. We cannot offer interpretations about citations as this is an automated procedure. Please refer to the style manuals in the Citation Source Information area for clarifications.
Citation Source Information
The AIP Style presented is based on information from the AIP Style Manual. The APA Style presented is based on information from APA Style.org: Electronic References. The Chicago Style presented is based on information from Examples of Chicago-Style Documentation. The MLA Style presented is based on information from the MLA FAQ. |
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