Investigating the effects of course structure on students' sense of belonging and course performance
written by
Dawson T. Lang and Emily M. Smith
Students' sense of belonging contributes to success at universities. Studies hint that students' sense of belonging in their introductory STEM courses may be tied to the course structures. In this study, we compared students' sense of belonging and letter grade between four semesters of an introductory calculus-based electricity and magnetism course. The course structures varied throughout the four semesters with hybrid versus in-person instruction and midterm exams versus quizzes for assessment, but all implementations used research-based instruction. Here, we compare students' sense of belonging and letter grades within these different course structures. Students expressed a stronger sense of belonging and earned higher letter grades with the lower-stakes quiz structure than in prior semesters with midterm exams. However, students' sense of belonging did not change when attending hybrid compared to in-person.
Physics Education Research Conference 2022
Part of the PER Conference series Grand Rapids, MI: July 13-14, 2022 Pages 273-278
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![]() <a href="https://www.compadre.org/portal/items/detail.cfm?ID=16245">Lang, Dawson T., and Emily M. Smith. "Investigating the effects of course structure on students' sense of belonging and course performance." Paper presented at the Physics Education Research Conference 2022, Grand Rapids, MI, July 13-14, 2022.</a>
![]() D. Lang and E. Smith, , presented at the Physics Education Research Conference 2022, Grand Rapids, MI, 2022, WWW Document, (https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=16245&DocID=5614).
![]() D. Lang and E. Smith, Investigating the effects of course structure on students' sense of belonging and course performance, presented at the Physics Education Research Conference 2022, Grand Rapids, MI, 2022, <https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=16245&DocID=5614>.
![]() Lang, D., & Smith, E. (2022, July 13-14). Investigating the effects of course structure on students' sense of belonging and course performance. Paper presented at Physics Education Research Conference 2022, Grand Rapids, MI. Retrieved May 3, 2025, from https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=16245&DocID=5614
![]() Lang, Dawson T., and Emily M. Smith. "Investigating the effects of course structure on students' sense of belonging and course performance." Paper presented at the Physics Education Research Conference 2022, Grand Rapids, MI, July 13-14, 2022. https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=16245&DocID=5614 (accessed 3 May 2025).
![]() Lang, Dawson T., and Emily M. Smith. "Investigating the effects of course structure on students' sense of belonging and course performance." Physics Education Research Conference 2022. Grand Rapids, MI: 2022. 273-278 of PER Conference. 3 May 2025 <https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=16245&DocID=5614>.
![]() @inproceedings{
Author = "Dawson T. Lang and Emily M. Smith",
Title = {Investigating the effects of course structure on students' sense of belonging and course performance},
BookTitle = {Physics Education Research Conference 2022},
Pages = {273-278},
Address = {Grand Rapids, MI},
Series = {PER Conference},
Month = {July 13-14},
Year = {2022}
}
![]() %A Dawson T. Lang %A Emily M. Smith %T Investigating the effects of course structure on students' sense of belonging and course performance %S PER Conference %D July 13-14 2022 %P 273-278 %C Grand Rapids, MI %U https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=16245&DocID=5614 %O Physics Education Research Conference 2022 %O July 13-14 %O application/pdf ![]() %0 Conference Proceedings %A Lang, Dawson T. %A Smith, Emily M. %D July 13-14 2022 %T Investigating the effects of course structure on students' sense of belonging and course performance %B Physics Education Research Conference 2022 %C Grand Rapids, MI %P 273-278 %S PER Conference %8 July 13-14 %U https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=16245&DocID=5614 Disclaimer: ComPADRE offers citation styles as a guide only. We cannot offer interpretations about citations as this is an automated procedure. Please refer to the style manuals in the Citation Source Information area for clarifications.
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