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Witnessing Entanglement
written by
Marisol N. Beck and Mark Beck
An entangled state of a two-particle system is a quantum state that cannot be separated--it cannot be written as the product of states of the individual particles. One way to tell if a system is entangled is to use it to violate a Bell inequality (such as the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt, CHSH, inequality), because entanglement is necessary to violate these inequalities. However, there are other, more efficient measurements that determine whether or not a system is entangled; an operator that corresponds to such a measurement is referred to as an entanglement witness. We present the theory of witness operators, and an undergraduate experiment that measures an entanglement witness for the joint polarization state of two photons. We are able to produce states for which the expectation value of the witness operator is entangled by more than 160 standard deviations.
2015 Conference on Laboratory Instruction Beyond the First Year of College
Part of the BFY Conference series College Park, MD: July 22-24, 2015 Pages 12-15
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Record Link
<a href="https://www.compadre.org/portal/items/detail.cfm?ID=13795">Beck, Marisol, and Mark Beck. "Witnessing Entanglement." Paper presented at the 2015 Conference on Laboratory Instruction Beyond the First Year of College, College Park, MD, July 22-24, 2015.</a>
AIP Format
M. Beck and M. Beck, , presented at the 2015 Conference on Laboratory Instruction Beyond the First Year of College, College Park, MD, 2015, WWW Document, (https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=13795&DocID=4215).
AJP/PRST-PER
M. Beck and M. Beck, Witnessing Entanglement, presented at the 2015 Conference on Laboratory Instruction Beyond the First Year of College, College Park, MD, 2015, <https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=13795&DocID=4215>.
APA Format
Beck, M., & Beck, M. (2015, July 22-24). Witnessing Entanglement. Paper presented at 2015 Conference on Laboratory Instruction Beyond the First Year of College, College Park, MD. Retrieved May 2, 2025, from https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=13795&DocID=4215
Chicago Format
Beck, Marisol, and Mark Beck. "Witnessing Entanglement." Paper presented at the 2015 Conference on Laboratory Instruction Beyond the First Year of College, College Park, MD, July 22-24, 2015. https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=13795&DocID=4215 (accessed 2 May 2025).
MLA Format
Beck, Marisol, and Mark Beck. "Witnessing Entanglement." 2015 Conference on Laboratory Instruction Beyond the First Year of College. College Park, MD: 2015. 12-15 of BFY Conference. 2 May 2025 <https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=13795&DocID=4215>.
BibTeX Export Format
@inproceedings{
Author = "Marisol Beck and Mark Beck",
Title = {Witnessing Entanglement},
BookTitle = {2015 Conference on Laboratory Instruction Beyond the First Year of College},
Pages = {12-15},
Address = {College Park, MD},
Series = {BFY Conference},
Month = {July 22-24},
Year = {2015}
}
Refer Export Format
%A Marisol Beck %A Mark Beck %T Witnessing Entanglement %S BFY Conference %D July 22-24 2015 %P 12-15 %C College Park, MD %U https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=13795&DocID=4215 %O 2015 Conference on Laboratory Instruction Beyond the First Year of College %O July 22-24 %O application/pdf
EndNote Export Format
%0 Conference Proceedings %A Beck, Marisol %A Beck, Mark %D July 22-24 2015 %T Witnessing Entanglement %B 2015 Conference on Laboratory Instruction Beyond the First Year of College %C College Park, MD %P 12-15 %S BFY Conference %8 July 22-24 %U https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=13795&DocID=4215 Disclaimer: ComPADRE offers citation styles as a guide only. We cannot offer interpretations about citations as this is an automated procedure. Please refer to the style manuals in the Citation Source Information area for clarifications.
Citation Source Information
The AIP Style presented is based on information from the AIP Style Manual. The APA Style presented is based on information from APA Style.org: Electronic References. The Chicago Style presented is based on information from Examples of Chicago-Style Documentation. The MLA Style presented is based on information from the MLA FAQ. Witnessing Entanglement:
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2015 BFY Proceedings
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