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Primer on the Lock-in Amplifier
written by
Sidra Farooq, Rabiya Salman, Wasif Zia, Umer Hassan, and Muhammad Sabieh Anwar
published by the LUMS School of Science and Engineering
This is an experiment designed to measure the resistance of copper and gold nanowires using a lock-in amplifier. Students learn:
1. about different types of noise, 2. the principles of phase-sensitive techniques, 3. to extract signals buried in noise using a lock-in amplifier, 4. to operate optical chopper to measure weak optical signals modulated at a certain frequency. 4. to measure the minute resistance of a conducting nanowires.
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Record Link
<a href="https://www.compadre.org/portal/items/detail.cfm?ID=11708">Farooq, S, R. Salman, W. Zia, U. Hassan, and M. Anwar. Primer on the Lock-in Amplifier. Lahore Cantt: LUMS School of Science and Engineering, Pakistan, March 28, 2010.</a>
AIP Format
S. Farooq, R. Salman, W. Zia, U. Hassan, and M. Anwar, (LUMS School of Science and Engineering, Pakistan, Lahore Cantt, 2010), WWW Document, (https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=11708&DocID=2588).
AJP/PRST-PER
S. Farooq, R. Salman, W. Zia, U. Hassan, and M. Anwar, Primer on the Lock-in Amplifier (LUMS School of Science and Engineering, Pakistan, Lahore Cantt, 2010), <https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=11708&DocID=2588>.
APA Format
Farooq, S., Salman, R., Zia, W., Hassan, U., & Anwar, M. (2010, March 28). Primer on the Lock-in Amplifier. Retrieved May 1, 2025, from LUMS School of Science and Engineering, Pakistan: https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=11708&DocID=2588
Chicago Format
Farooq, S, R. Salman, W. Zia, U. Hassan, and M. Anwar. Primer on the Lock-in Amplifier. Lahore Cantt: LUMS School of Science and Engineering, Pakistan, March 28, 2010. https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=11708&DocID=2588 (accessed 1 May 2025).
MLA Format
Farooq, Sidra, Rabiya Salman, Wasif Zia, Umer Hassan, and Muhammad Sabieh Anwar. Primer on the Lock-in Amplifier. Lahore Cantt: LUMS School of Science and Engineering, Pakistan, 2010. 28 Mar. 2010. 1 May 2025 <https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=11708&DocID=2588>.
BibTeX Export Format
@misc{
Author = "Sidra Farooq and Rabiya Salman and Wasif Zia and Umer Hassan and Muhammad Sabieh Anwar",
Title = {Primer on the Lock-in Amplifier},
Publisher = {LUMS School of Science and Engineering, Pakistan},
Volume = {2025},
Number = {1 May 2025},
Month = {March 28, 2010},
Year = {2010}
}
Refer Export Format
%A Sidra Farooq %A Rabiya Salman %A Wasif Zia %A Umer Hassan %A Muhammad Sabieh Anwar %T Primer on the Lock-in Amplifier %D March 28, 2010 %I LUMS School of Science and Engineering, Pakistan %C Lahore Cantt %U https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=11708&DocID=2588 %O application/pdf
EndNote Export Format
%0 Electronic Source %A Farooq, Sidra %A Salman, Rabiya %A Zia, Wasif %A Hassan, Umer %A Anwar, Muhammad Sabieh %D March 28, 2010 %T Primer on the Lock-in Amplifier %I LUMS School of Science and Engineering, Pakistan %V 2025 %N 1 May 2025 %8 March 28, 2010 %9 application/pdf %U https://www.compadre.org/Repository/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=11708&DocID=2588 Disclaimer: ComPADRE offers citation styles as a guide only. We cannot offer interpretations about citations as this is an automated procedure. Please refer to the style manuals in the Citation Source Information area for clarifications.
Citation Source Information
The AIP Style presented is based on information from the AIP Style Manual. The APA Style presented is based on information from APA Style.org: Electronic References. The Chicago Style presented is based on information from Examples of Chicago-Style Documentation. The MLA Style presented is based on information from the MLA FAQ. |
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