Indicates a research-demonstrated benefit

Technology-Enhanced Formative Assessment

Overview

A pedagogy for using clickers to accomplish highly interactive, student-centered science instruction, focusing on using provocative, meaty questions to engage students in extended whole-class discussion as a context and vehicle for learning.

	Type of Method	Instructional strategy
	Level	Designed for: Pretty much anything, especially (but not only) for larger class sizes.
	Setting	Designed for: Lecture - Large (30+ students) Can be adapted for: Lecture - Small (<30 students), Studio, Recitation/Discussion Session, Lab
	Coverage	Few topics with great depth, Many topics with less depth
	Topics	Mechanics, Electricity / Magnetism, Waves / Optics, Thermal / Statistical, Modern / Quantum, Mathematical, Astronomy, Other Science
	Instructor Effort	Medium
	Resource Needs	Clickers, Projector in class
	Skills	Designed for: Conceptual understanding of physics content, Connecting conceptual and mathematical understanding, Understanding how physics relates to the real world Can be adapted for: Enjoyment of physics, Problem-solving skills, Think like a scientist, Reflecting on one's own learning
	Research Validation	Based on research into: how students learn Studied using: student interviews, classroom observations, research conducted at multiple institutions
	Compatible Methods	Peer Instruction, PhET, UW Tutorials, JiTT, Ranking Tasks, ILDs, CGPS, Physlets, Context-Rich Problems, RealTime Physics, TIPERs, ABP Tutorials, SCALE-UP, OSP, SDI Labs, OST Tutorials, Thinking Problems, Workbook for Introductory Physics, LA Program, CAE TPS, Lecture-Tutorials, Astro Ranking Tasks, MBL, CPU, SCL, CU Modern, CU E&M, CU QM, QuILTs, Paradigms, Tools for Scientific Thinking, PI QM, M&I, Tutorials, Clickers, MOP
	Similar Methods	Peer Instruction, ILDs, Workbook for Introductory Physics, CAE TPS, PI QM, Clickers
	Developer(s)	Ian D. Beatty & William J. Gerace
	Intro Article	Technology-enhanced formative assessment: A research-based pedagogy for teaching science with classroom response technology