Nine formulations of Quantum Mechanics

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written by Dan Styer, Miranda Balkin, Kathryn Becker, Tim Wotherspoon, Scott Forth, Mark Kramer, David Oertel, and Marie Rinkoski

This article provides a comprehensive review of the various formulations of quantum mechanics. The article contains a brief description of each formulation, advantages/disadvantages, application notes, and recommended references for. Recommended references include textbooks using the formulation background information and influential publications.

American Journal of Physics: Volume 70, Issue 3, Pages 288-297

https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1445404

Subjects	Levels	Resource Types
Quantum Physics - Foundations and Measurements	- Upper Undergraduate - Graduate/Professional	- Reference Material

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Mirror:: https://online.itp.ucsb.edu/onlin…
Access Rights:: Limited free access; This article may be purchased or accessed with a journal subscription. A free summary of the article is provided by KITP.
Restriction:: © 2002 American Journal of Physics
DOI:: 10.1119/1.1445404
Keywords:: Hamilton-Jacobi, bohmian mechanics, many-worlds, path integral, path-integral, pilot wave, transactional, variational, wavefunction
Record Creator:: Metadata instance created January 20, 2005 by Blake Laing
Record Updated:: March 8, 2025 by Lyle Barbato
Last Update when Cataloged:: March 1, 2002
Other Collections:: The PSRC

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<a href="https://www.compadre.org/student/items/detail.cfm?ID=2075">Styer, D, M. Balkin, K. Becker, T. Wotherspoon, S. Forth, M. Kramer, D. Oertel, and M. Rinkoski. "Nine formulations of Quantum Mechanics." Am. J. Phys. 70, no. 3, (March 1, 2002): 288-297.</a>

AIP Format

D. Styer, M. Balkin, K. Becker, T. Wotherspoon, S. Forth, M. Kramer, D. Oertel, and M. Rinkoski, , Am. J. Phys. 70 (3), 288 (2002), WWW Document, (https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1445404).

AJP/PRST-PER

D. Styer, M. Balkin, K. Becker, T. Wotherspoon, S. Forth, M. Kramer, D. Oertel, and M. Rinkoski, Nine formulations of Quantum Mechanics, Am. J. Phys. 70 (3), 288 (2002), <https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1445404>.

APA Format

Styer, D., Balkin, M., Becker, K., Wotherspoon, T., Forth, S., Kramer, M., Oertel, D., & Rinkoski, M. (2002, March 1). Nine formulations of Quantum Mechanics. Am. J. Phys., 70(3), 288-297. Retrieved March 18, 2025, from https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1445404

Chicago Format

Styer, D, M. Balkin, K. Becker, T. Wotherspoon, S. Forth, M. Kramer, D. Oertel, and M. Rinkoski. "Nine formulations of Quantum Mechanics." Am. J. Phys. 70, no. 3, (March 1, 2002): 288-297, https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1445404 (accessed 18 March 2025).

MLA Format

Styer, Dan, Miranda Balkin, Kathryn Becker, Tim Wotherspoon, Scott Forth, Mark Kramer, David Oertel, and Marie Rinkoski. "Nine formulations of Quantum Mechanics." Am. J. Phys. 70.3 (2002): 288-297. 18 Mar. 2025 <https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1445404>.

BibTeX Export Format

@article{ Author = "Dan Styer and Miranda Balkin and Kathryn Becker and Tim Wotherspoon and Scott Forth and Mark Kramer and David Oertel and Marie Rinkoski", Title = {Nine formulations of Quantum Mechanics}, Journal = {Am. J. Phys.}, Volume = {70}, Number = {3}, Pages = {288-297}, Month = {March}, Year = {2002} }

Refer Export Format

%A Dan Styer %A Miranda Balkin %A Kathryn Becker %A Tim Wotherspoon %A Scott Forth %A Mark Kramer %A David Oertel %A Marie Rinkoski %T Nine formulations of Quantum Mechanics %J Am. J. Phys. %V 70 %N 3 %D March 1, 2002 %P 288-297 %U https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1445404 %O text/html

EndNote Export Format

%0 Journal Article %A Styer, Dan %A Balkin, Miranda %A Becker, Kathryn %A Wotherspoon, Tim %A Forth, Scott %A Kramer, Mark %A Oertel, David %A Rinkoski, Marie %D March 1, 2002 %T Nine formulations of Quantum Mechanics %J Am. J. Phys. %V 70 %N 3 %P 288-297 %8 March 1, 2002 %U https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1445404

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The AIP Style presented is based on information from the AIP Style Manual.

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