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Shannon D. Willoughby and Eric Gustafson
Two sections of an introductory astronomy class were given different grading incentives for clicker participation for two consecutive semesters. In the high stakes classroom points were awarded only for correct answers, in contrast to the low stakes classroom in which points were awarded simply for participating. Self-formed groups of four students each were recorded in both sections several times during the spring 2007 semester and their conversations were transcribed and categorized into nine topics to analyze the variations between the sections. Performance on clicker questions and tendency to block vote were correlated with class grades and gains for the pre- and post-test scores on the Astronomy Diagnostic Test.
<a href="https://www.compadre.org/quantum/items/detail.cfm?ID=8840">Willoughby, Shannon, and Eric Gustafson. "Technology talks: Clickers and grading incentive in the large lecture hall." Am. J. Phys. 77, no. 2, (February 1, 2009): 180-183.</a>
S. Willoughby and E. Gustafson, Technology talks: Clickers and grading incentive in the large lecture hall, Am. J. Phys. 77 (2), 180 (2009), <https://doi.org/10.1119/1.3013542>.
Willoughby, S., & Gustafson, E. (2009, February 1). Technology talks: Clickers and grading incentive in the large lecture hall. Am. J. Phys., 77(2), 180-183. Retrieved July 11, 2026, from https://doi.org/10.1119/1.3013542
Willoughby, Shannon, and Eric Gustafson. "Technology talks: Clickers and grading incentive in the large lecture hall." Am. J. Phys. 77, no. 2, (February 1, 2009): 180-183, https://doi.org/10.1119/1.3013542 (accessed 11 July 2026).
Willoughby, Shannon, and Eric Gustafson. "Technology talks: Clickers and grading incentive in the large lecture hall." Am. J. Phys. 77.2 (2009): 180-183. 11 July 2026 <https://doi.org/10.1119/1.3013542>.
@article{
Author = "Shannon Willoughby and Eric Gustafson",
Title = {Technology talks: Clickers and grading incentive in the large lecture hall},
Journal = {Am. J. Phys.},
Volume = {77},
Number = {2},
Pages = {180-183},
Month = {February},
Year = {2009}
}
%A Shannon Willoughby %A Eric Gustafson %T Technology talks: Clickers and grading incentive in the large lecture hall %J Am. J. Phys. %V 77 %N 2 %D February 1, 2009 %P 180-183 %U https://doi.org/10.1119/1.3013542 %O application/pdf
%0 Journal Article %A Willoughby, Shannon %A Gustafson, Eric %D February 1, 2009 %T Technology talks: Clickers and grading incentive in the large lecture hall %J Am. J. Phys. %V 77 %N 2 %P 180-183 %8 February 1, 2009 %U https://doi.org/10.1119/1.3013542
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