• 6-8: 4E/M2. Energy can be transferred from one system to another (or from a system to its environment) in different ways: 1) thermally, when a warmer object is in contact with a cooler one; 2) mechanically, when two objects push or pull on each other over a distance; 3) electrically, when an electrical source such as a battery or generator is connected in a complete circuit to an electrical device; or 4) by electromagnetic waves.

• 6-8: 4F/M3a. An unbalanced force acting on an object changes its speed or direction of motion, or both.
• 9-12: 4F/H1. The change in motion (direction or speed) of an object is proportional to the applied force and inversely proportional to the mass.
• 9-12: 4F/H7. In most familiar situations, frictional forces complicate the description of motion, although the basic principles still apply.
• 9-12: 4F/H8. Any object maintains a constant speed and direction of motion unless an unbalanced outside force acts on it.

• 9-12: 12B/H2. Find answers to real-world problems by substituting numerical values in simple algebraic formulas and check the answer by reviewing the steps of the calculation and by judging whether the answer is reasonable.
• 9-12: 12B/H3. Make up and write out simple algorithms for solving real-world problems that take several steps.

• 9-12: 12D/H1. Make and interpret scale drawings.
• 9-12: 12D/H7. Use tables, charts, and graphs in making arguments and claims in oral, written, and visual presentations.
• 9-12: 12D/H8. Use symbolic equations to represent relationships between objects and events.

• N-VM.3 (+) Solve problems involving velocity and other quantities that can be represented by vectors.

• A-SSE.1.a Interpret parts of an expression, such as terms, factors, and coefficients.

• F-IF.4 For a function that models a relationship between two quantities, interpret key features of graphs and tables in terms of the quantities, and sketch graphs showing key features given a verbal description of the relationship.^?
• F-IF.6 Calculate and interpret the average rate of change of a function (presented symbolically or as a table) over a specified interval. Estimate the rate of change from a graph.

• RST.11-12.2 Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; summarize complex concepts, processes, or information presented in a text by paraphrasing them in simpler but still accurate terms.
• RST.11-12.3 Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks; analyze the specific results based on explanations in the text.

• RST.11-12.4 Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domain-specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 11—12 texts and topics.

• RST.11-12.9 Synthesize information from a range of sources (e.g., texts, experiments, simulations) into a coherent understanding of a process, phenomenon, or concept, resolving conflicting information when possible.

• WHST.11-12.9 Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.

Students work cooperatively to investigate an accident: a small car is struck broadside by a vehicle more than double its mass. The students must determine whether either driver engaged in reckless driving. More than one strategy can be used to solve the problem, which requires students to find the coefficient of friction on the roadway and determine the velocity of each vehicle upon impact and before braking. (It will be interesting to see if students choose the Work-Energy Theorem in solving.)  A complete instructor's guide is available cost-free to teachers who register on the web site.

• Algebra-Based Physics Collisions Unit
• AP/Calculus-Based Physics Collisions Unit

Students work cooperatively to investigate an accident: a small car is struck broadside by a vehicle more than double its mass. The students must determine whether either driver engaged in reckless driving. More than one strategy can be used to solve the problem, which requires students to find the coefficient of friction on the roadway and determine the velocity of each vehicle upon impact and before braking. (It will be interesting to see if students choose the Work-Energy Theorem in solving.)  A complete instructor's guide is available cost-free to teachers who register on the web site.

• Algebra-Based Physics Interactive Problem Solving Unit
• AP/Calculus-Based Physics Interactive Problem Solving Unit