• 9-12: 4F/H4. Whenever one thing exerts a force on another, an equal amount of force is exerted back on it.
• 9-12: 4F/H8. Any object maintains a constant speed and direction of motion unless an unbalanced outside force acts on it.

• 9-12: 12A/H1. Exhibit traits such as curiosity, honesty, openness, and skepticism when making investigations, and value those traits in others.

• 9-12: 12D/H6. Participate in group discussions on scientific topics by restating or summarizing accurately what others have said, asking for clarification or elaboration, and expressing alternative positions.

• 9-12: 12E/H4. Insist that the key assumptions and reasoning in any argument—whether one's own or that of others—be made explicit; analyze the arguments for flawed assumptions, flawed reasoning, or both; and be critical of the claims if any flaws in the argument are found.

• N-VM.1 (+) Recognize vector quantities as having both magnitude and direction. Represent vector quantities by directed line segments, and use appropriate symbols for vectors and their magnitudes (e.g., v, |v|, ||v||, v).
• N-VM.3 (+) Solve problems involving velocity and other quantities that can be represented by vectors.
• N-VM.4.b Given two vectors in magnitude and direction form, determine the magnitude and direction of their sum.

• A-SSE.1.a Interpret parts of an expression, such as terms, factors, and coefficients.

• A-REI.1 Explain each step in solving a simple equation as following from the equality of numbers asserted at the previous step, starting from the assumption that the original equation has a solution. Construct a viable argument to justify a solution method.

• F-LE.1.b Recognize situations in which one quantity changes at a constant rate per unit interval relative to another.
• F-LE.1.c Recognize situations in which a quantity grows or decays by a constant percent rate per unit interval relative to another.
• F-LE.5 Interpret the parameters in a linear or exponential function in terms of a context.

• RST.11-12.2 Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; summarize complex concepts, processes, or information presented in a text by paraphrasing them in simpler but still accurate terms.

• RST.11-12.4 Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domain-specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 11—12 texts and topics.
• RST.11-12.5 Analyze how the text structures information or ideas into categories or hierarchies, demonstrating understanding of the information or ideas.

• RST.11-12.8 Evaluate the hypotheses, data, analysis, and conclusions in a science or technical text, verifying the data when possible and corroborating or challenging conclusions with other sources of information.

• RST.9-10.10 By the end of grade 10, read and comprehend science/technical texts in the grades 9—10 text complexity band independently and proficiently.

This full lab manual encourages critical thinking by using the Socratic Method of inquiry.  Students must consider opposing and contradictory views, engage in active dialog about given problems, and defend their own conclusions. This lab covers Newton's First Law (inertia) and Third Law (action/reaction).

• Physics First Newton's First Law & Inertia Unit
• Conceptual Physics Newton's First Law & Inertia Unit
• Algebra-Based Physics Newton's First Law & Inertia Unit
• AP/Calculus-Based Physics Newton's First Law & Inertia Unit

This full lab manual encourages critical thinking by using a "Socratic Method" of inquiry.  Students must consider opposing and contradictory views, engage in active dialog about given problems, and defend their own conclusions.  This lab covers Newton's First Law (inertia) and Third Law (action/reaction).

• Physics First Newton's Third Law Unit
• Conceptual Physics Newton's Third Law Unit
• Algebra-Based Physics Newton's Third Law Unit
• AP/Calculus-Based Physics Newton's Third Law Unit