• 6-8: 4D/M3ab. Atoms and molecules are perpetually in motion. Increased temperature means greater average energy of motion, so most substances expand when heated.
• 6-8: 4D/M3cd. In solids, the atoms or molecules are closely locked in position and can only vibrate. In liquids, they have higher energy, are more loosely connected, and can slide past one another; some molecules may get enough energy to escape into a gas. In gases, the atoms or molecules have still more energy and are free of one another except during occasional collisions.
• 6-8: 4D/M8. Most substances can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas depending on temperature.

• 6-8: 11B/M4. Simulations are often useful in modeling events and processes.

Here are 3 interactive labs designed to promote inquiry in an entertaining, yet mentally challenging format.  Lab 1 investigates the effect of volume changes on the pressure of a confined gas at constant temperature.  Lab 2 explores the effect of temperature changes on a confined gas held at constant volume.   Lab 3 investigates the relationship between volume and temperature.   Detailed lesson plans with objectives and assessment ideas are included.

• Physical Sciences K-8 Properties of Matter Unit
• Physics First Properties of Matter Unit
• Conceptual Physics Properties of Matter Unit

A great way to help students understand the relationship between heat and temperature is with a look at the behavior of gases in closed containers.  This set of 3 Java-based labs for grades 7-9 is fun and interactive, yet also meets rigorous standards.  Complete lesson plans are included.  Try teaming it with the PhET Gas Properties simulation.

• Physical Sciences K-8 The Relationship Between Heat and Temperature Unit
• Physics First The Relationship Between Heat and Temperature Unit