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This page from the Institute of Physics, aimed at algebra-based physics course level and above, features a straightforward tutorial on the force on a moving charge; an impressive demo called "Catapult Magnetic Field", and tips for leading class discussions on factors affecting electromagnetic force. Direction of force in a magnetic field can be a tough concept for even the brightest students. The Catapult Magnetic Field lab requires copper wire, "Magnadur" magnets (available for ~$15 for a set of 4), soft modeling plasticine, support blocks, and heavy cardboard, and iron filings. When electricity is applied to the system, the Magnadur magnets produce a uniform, parallel magnetic field. The current-carrying copper wire produces a circular magnetic field around itself. When the two fields are combined, the pattern produced by the iron filings indicates a complex field pattern. The wire will be "catapulted" from the stronger-to-weaker field.

This page is part of a larger collection from IOPSpark that presents findings from academic literature about the conceptions (and misconceptions) young people have regarding processes in the physical world. See Related Materials for a link to the full collection.
Subjects Levels Resource Types
Education Foundations
- Alternative Conceptions
- Cognition
= Cognition Development
- Problem Solving
= Representational Use
Electricity & Magnetism
- Magnetic Fields and Forces
= Magnetic Fields
General Physics
- Scientific Reasoning
- High School
- Collection
- Instructional Material
= Activity
- Reference Material
= Nonfiction Reference
Appropriate Courses Categories Ratings
- Conceptual Physics
- Algebra-based Physics
- AP Physics
- Activity
- Laboratory
- New teachers
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This material is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No derivatives 3.0 license.
Rights Holder:
Institute of Physics and IOP Publishing
Record Cloner:
Metadata instance created February 17, 2022 by Caroline Hall
Record Updated:
February 17, 2022 by Caroline Hall
Last Update
when Cataloged:
January 11, 2021

Next Generation Science Standards

Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions (HS-PS2)

Students who demonstrate understanding can: (9-12)
  • Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that an electric current can produce a magnetic field and that a changing magnetic field can produce an electric current. (HS-PS2-5)

Disciplinary Core Ideas (K-12)

Types of Interactions (PS2.B)
  • Forces that act at a distance (electric, magnetic, and gravitational) can be explained by fields that extend through space and can be mapped by their effect on a test object (a charged object, or a ball, respectively). (6-8)
  • Forces at a distance are explained by fields (gravitational, electric, and magnetic) permeating space that can transfer energy through space. Magnets or electric currents cause magnetic fields; electric charges or changing magnetic fields cause electric fields. (9-12)
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Record Link
AIP Format
(IOPSpark, London, 2021), WWW Document, (https://spark.iop.org/many-students-have-difficulty-predicting-direction-force-electromagnetism).
AJP/PRST-PER
IOPSpark: Many students have difficulty predicting the direction of the force in electromagnetism (IOPSpark, London, 2021), <https://spark.iop.org/many-students-have-difficulty-predicting-direction-force-electromagnetism>.
APA Format
IOPSpark: Many students have difficulty predicting the direction of the force in electromagnetism. (2021, January 11). Retrieved April 21, 2026, from IOPSpark: https://spark.iop.org/many-students-have-difficulty-predicting-direction-force-electromagnetism
Chicago Format
IOPSpark. IOPSpark: Many students have difficulty predicting the direction of the force in electromagnetism. London: IOPSpark, January 11, 2021. https://spark.iop.org/many-students-have-difficulty-predicting-direction-force-electromagnetism (accessed 21 April 2026).
MLA Format
IOPSpark: Many students have difficulty predicting the direction of the force in electromagnetism. London: IOPSpark, 2021. 11 Jan. 2021. 21 Apr. 2026 <https://spark.iop.org/many-students-have-difficulty-predicting-direction-force-electromagnetism>.
BibTeX Export Format
@misc{ Title = {IOPSpark: Many students have difficulty predicting the direction of the force in electromagnetism}, Publisher = {IOPSpark}, Volume = {2026}, Number = {21 April 2026}, Month = {January 11, 2021}, Year = {2021} }
Refer Export Format

%T IOPSpark: Many students have difficulty predicting the direction of the force in electromagnetism %D January 11, 2021 %I IOPSpark %C London %U https://spark.iop.org/many-students-have-difficulty-predicting-direction-force-electromagnetism %O text/html

EndNote Export Format

%0 Electronic Source %D January 11, 2021 %T IOPSpark: Many students have difficulty predicting the direction of the force in electromagnetism %I IOPSpark %V 2026 %N 21 April 2026 %8 January 11, 2021 %9 text/html %U https://spark.iop.org/many-students-have-difficulty-predicting-direction-force-electromagnetism


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Citation Source Information

The AIP Style presented is based on information from the AIP Style Manual.

The APA Style presented is based on information from APA Style.org: Electronic References.

The Chicago Style presented is based on information from Examples of Chicago-Style Documentation.

The MLA Style presented is based on information from the MLA FAQ.

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