• 6-8: 4D/M6a. There are groups of elements that have similar properties, including highly reactive metals, less-reactive metals, highly reactive nonmetals (such as chlorine, fluorine, and oxygen), and some almost completely nonreactive gases (such as helium and neon).
• 6-8: 4D/M10. A substance has characteristic properties such as density, a boiling point, and solubility, all of which are independent of the amount of the substance and can be used to identify it.

• 6-8: 4E/M4. Energy appears in different forms and can be transformed within a system. Motion energy is associated with the speed of an object. Thermal energy is associated with the temperature of an object. Gravitational energy is associated with the height of an object above a reference point. Elastic energy is associated with the stretching or compressing of an elastic object. Chemical energy is associated with the composition of a substance. Electrical energy is associated with an electric current in a circuit. Light energy is associated with the frequency of electromagnetic waves.

• 6-8: 11B/M1. Models are often used to think about processes that happen too slowly, too quickly, or on too small a scale to observe directly. They are also used for processes that are too vast, too complex, or too dangerous to study.
• 6-8: 11B/M4. Simulations are often useful in modeling events and processes.

This set of multimedia lessons introduce the periodic table within an atomic-molecular framework that includes simulations, videos, and classroom activities. It opens with an interactive look at fundamental atomic structure. Animations explain the charge interactions existing between protons and electrons, with follow-up hands-on labs. The remaining sections explore the periodic table, energy level models, and ionic/covalent bonding processes. Includes assessments & answer keys.

• Physical Sciences K-8 Elements and the Periodic Table Unit
• Physics First Elements and the Periodic Table Unit

This teaching module introduces middle school students to the periodic table within an atomic-molecular framework. It is supported with multiple simulations, videos, and classroom activities that explore fundamental atomic structure.

• Physical Sciences K-8 Molecular Structures and Bonding Unit
• Physics First Molecular Structures and Bonding Unit