written by
Michael Davidson, Matthew J. Parry-Hill, and Mortimer Abramowitz
published by the Olympus America, Inc. and the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
This item is an interactive Java simulation for students of introductory physics or optics on the phenomenon known as birefringence. Included is a text explanation of the basic concepts underlying the phenomenon, also known as double refraction. This item is part of a larger collection of materials for students of introductory optics and microscopy. (See Related Items to link to additional simulations and resources on this topic by the same authors.)
Please note that this resource requires Java.
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![]() <a href="https://www.compadre.org/portal/items/detail.cfm?ID=6759">Davidson, M, M. Parry-Hill, and M. Abramowitz. Molecular Expressions: Polarized Light Microscopy - Double Refraction (Birefringence) in Iceland Spar. Center Valley: Olympus America, Inc., June 15, 2006.</a>
![]() M. Davidson, M. Parry-Hill, and M. Abramowitz, (Olympus America, Inc., Center Valley, 1998), WWW Document, (https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/polarizedlight/icelandspar/index.html).
![]() M. Davidson, M. Parry-Hill, and M. Abramowitz, Molecular Expressions: Polarized Light Microscopy - Double Refraction (Birefringence) in Iceland Spar (Olympus America, Inc., Center Valley, 1998), <https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/polarizedlight/icelandspar/index.html>.
![]() Davidson, M., Parry-Hill, M., & Abramowitz, M. (2006, June 15). Molecular Expressions: Polarized Light Microscopy - Double Refraction (Birefringence) in Iceland Spar. Retrieved February 13, 2025, from Olympus America, Inc.: https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/polarizedlight/icelandspar/index.html
![]() Davidson, M, M. Parry-Hill, and M. Abramowitz. Molecular Expressions: Polarized Light Microscopy - Double Refraction (Birefringence) in Iceland Spar. Center Valley: Olympus America, Inc., June 15, 2006. https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/polarizedlight/icelandspar/index.html (accessed 13 February 2025).
![]() Davidson, Michael, Matthew J. Parry-Hill, and Mortimer Abramowitz. Molecular Expressions: Polarized Light Microscopy - Double Refraction (Birefringence) in Iceland Spar. Center Valley: Olympus America, Inc., 1998. 15 June 2006. 13 Feb. 2025 <https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/polarizedlight/icelandspar/index.html>.
![]() @misc{
Author = "Michael Davidson and Matthew J. Parry-Hill and Mortimer Abramowitz",
Title = {Molecular Expressions: Polarized Light Microscopy - Double Refraction (Birefringence) in Iceland Spar},
Publisher = {Olympus America, Inc.},
Volume = {2025},
Number = {13 February 2025},
Month = {June 15, 2006},
Year = {1998}
}
![]() %A Michael Davidson %A Matthew J. Parry-Hill %A Mortimer Abramowitz %T Molecular Expressions: Polarized Light Microscopy - Double Refraction (Birefringence) in Iceland Spar %D June 15, 2006 %I Olympus America, Inc. %C Center Valley %U https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/polarizedlight/icelandspar/index.html %O application/java ![]() %0 Electronic Source %A Davidson, Michael %A Parry-Hill, Matthew J. %A Abramowitz, Mortimer %D June 15, 2006 %T Molecular Expressions: Polarized Light Microscopy - Double Refraction (Birefringence) in Iceland Spar %I Olympus America, Inc. %V 2025 %N 13 February 2025 %8 June 15, 2006 %9 application/java %U https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/polarizedlight/icelandspar/index.html Disclaimer: ComPADRE offers citation styles as a guide only. We cannot offer interpretations about citations as this is an automated procedure. Please refer to the style manuals in the Citation Source Information area for clarifications.
Citation Source Information
The AIP Style presented is based on information from the AIP Style Manual. The APA Style presented is based on information from APA Style.org: Electronic References. The Chicago Style presented is based on information from Examples of Chicago-Style Documentation. The MLA Style presented is based on information from the MLA FAQ. Molecular Expressions: Polarized Light Microscopy - Double Refraction (Birefringence) in Iceland Spar:
Is Part Of
Molecular Expressions: Optical Microscopy Primer - Polarized Light Microscopy
This is the full index of resources on polarized light microscopy by the same authors. It includes basic concepts, microscope configuration, history of the technique and its applications, and full tutorials on optical birefringence and polarization of light. Also included are links to more than a dozen related interactive Java simulations. relation by Bruce Mason
Covers the Same Topic As
Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics & You - Birefringent Crystals in Polarized Light
This item is an interactive Java simulation by the same authors on the topic of birefringence. It simulates a virtual microscope in which users can view a crystal in a full 360-degree rotation to see the effects of this phenomenon. relation by Bruce Mason
Is Based On
Molecular Expressions: Optical Microscopy Primer - Optical Birefringence
This item is the full tutorial by the same authors relating to birefringence, also known as double refraction of light. It contains an introduction to birefringence and links to several related interactive Java simulations. relation by Bruce MasonKnow of another related resource? Login to relate this resource to it. |
ContributeRelated Materials
Is Part Of
Molecular Expressions: Optical Microscopy Primer - Polarized Light Microscopy Covers the Same Topic AsMolecular Expressions: Science, Optics & You - Birefringent Crystals in… Is Based OnMolecular Expressions: Optical Microscopy Primer - Optical Birefringence Similar Materials |