written by
Richard Hake
A survey of pre/post test data using the Halloun-Hestenes Mechanics Diagnostic test or more recent Force Concept Inventory is reported for 62 introductory physics courses enrolling a total number of students N=6542. A consistent analysis over diverse student populations in high schools, colleges, and universities is obtained if a rough measure of the average effectiveness of a course in promoting conceptual understanding is taken to be the average normalized gain G. The latter is defined as the ratio of the actual average gain (%post-%pre) to the maximum possible average gain (100-%pre). Fourteen "traditional" (T) courses (N=2084) which made little or no use of interactive-engagement (IE) methods achieved an average gain G T-ave=0.23+-0.04 (stad dev). In sharp contrast, 48 courses (N=4458) which made substantial use of IE methods achieved an average gain GIE=0.48 , almost two standard deviations of GIE above that of the traditional courses. Results for 30 (N=3259) of the above 62 courses on the problem-solving Mechanics Baseline test of Hestenes-Wells imply that IE strategies enhance problem-solving ability. The conceptual and problem-solving test results strongly suggest that the classroom use of IE methods can increase mechanics-course effectiveness well beyond that obtained in traditional practice.
American Journal of Physics: Volume 66, Issue 1, Pages 64-74
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<a href="https://www.compadre.org/portal/items/detail.cfm?ID=2662">Hake, Richard. "Interactive-Engagement Versus Traditional Methods: A Six-Thousand-Student Survey of Mechanics Test Data for Introductory Physics Courses." Am. J. Phys. 66, no. 1, (January 1, 1998): 64-74.</a>
AIP Format
R. Hake, , Am. J. Phys. 66 (1), 64 (1998), WWW Document, (https://doi.org/10.1119/1.18809).
AJP/PRST-PER
R. Hake, Interactive-Engagement Versus Traditional Methods: A Six-Thousand-Student Survey of Mechanics Test Data for Introductory Physics Courses, Am. J. Phys. 66 (1), 64 (1998), <https://doi.org/10.1119/1.18809>.
APA Format
Hake, R. (1998, January 1). Interactive-Engagement Versus Traditional Methods: A Six-Thousand-Student Survey of Mechanics Test Data for Introductory Physics Courses. Am. J. Phys., 66(1), 64-74. Retrieved December 13, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.1119/1.18809
Chicago Format
Hake, Richard. "Interactive-Engagement Versus Traditional Methods: A Six-Thousand-Student Survey of Mechanics Test Data for Introductory Physics Courses." Am. J. Phys. 66, no. 1, (January 1, 1998): 64-74, https://doi.org/10.1119/1.18809 (accessed 13 December 2024).
MLA Format
Hake, Richard. "Interactive-Engagement Versus Traditional Methods: A Six-Thousand-Student Survey of Mechanics Test Data for Introductory Physics Courses." Am. J. Phys. 66.1 (1998): 64-74. 13 Dec. 2024 <https://doi.org/10.1119/1.18809>.
BibTeX Export Format
@article{
Author = "Richard Hake",
Title = {Interactive-Engagement Versus Traditional Methods: A Six-Thousand-Student Survey of Mechanics Test Data for Introductory Physics Courses},
Journal = {Am. J. Phys.},
Volume = {66},
Number = {1},
Pages = {64-74},
Month = {January},
Year = {1998}
}
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%A Richard Hake %T Interactive-Engagement Versus Traditional Methods: A Six-Thousand-Student Survey of Mechanics Test Data for Introductory Physics Courses %J Am. J. Phys. %V 66 %N 1 %D January 1, 1998 %P 64-74 %U https://doi.org/10.1119/1.18809 %O text/html
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A Literary Canon in Physics Education Research
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Interactive-engagement methods in introductory mechanics courses
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