written by
Shannon D. Willoughby and Anneke Metz
To investigate differences in learning gains by gender, we collected data in large introductory astronomy and biology courses. Male astronomy students had significantly higher pre- and post-test scores than female students on the astronomy diagnostic test. Male students also had significantly higher pretest and somewhat higher post-test scores than female students on a survey instrument designed for an introductory biology course. For both courses, males had higher learning gains than female students only when the normalized gain measure was utilized. No differences were found with any other measures, including other gain calculations, overall course grades, or individual exams. Implications for using different learning gain measures in science classrooms, as well as for research on learning differences by gender are discussed.
American Journal of Physics: Volume 77, Issue 7, Pages 651-657
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Record Link
<a href="https://www.compadre.org/portal/items/detail.cfm?ID=11997">Willoughby, Shannon, and Anneke Metz. "Exploring gender differences with different gain calculations in astronomy and biology." Am. J. Phys. 77, no. 7, (July 1, 2009): 651-657.</a>
AIP Format
S. Willoughby and A. Metz, , Am. J. Phys. 77 (7), 651 (2009), WWW Document, (https://doi.org/10.1119/1.3133087).
AJP/PRST-PER
S. Willoughby and A. Metz, Exploring gender differences with different gain calculations in astronomy and biology, Am. J. Phys. 77 (7), 651 (2009), <https://doi.org/10.1119/1.3133087>.
APA Format
Willoughby, S., & Metz, A. (2009, July 1). Exploring gender differences with different gain calculations in astronomy and biology. Am. J. Phys., 77(7), 651-657. Retrieved November 4, 2024, from https://doi.org/10.1119/1.3133087
Chicago Format
Willoughby, Shannon, and Anneke Metz. "Exploring gender differences with different gain calculations in astronomy and biology." Am. J. Phys. 77, no. 7, (July 1, 2009): 651-657, https://doi.org/10.1119/1.3133087 (accessed 4 November 2024).
MLA Format
Willoughby, Shannon, and Anneke Metz. "Exploring gender differences with different gain calculations in astronomy and biology." Am. J. Phys. 77.7 (2009): 651-657. 4 Nov. 2024 <https://doi.org/10.1119/1.3133087>.
BibTeX Export Format
@article{
Author = "Shannon Willoughby and Anneke Metz",
Title = {Exploring gender differences with different gain calculations in astronomy and biology},
Journal = {Am. J. Phys.},
Volume = {77},
Number = {7},
Pages = {651-657},
Month = {July},
Year = {2009}
}
Refer Export Format
%A Shannon Willoughby %A Anneke Metz %T Exploring gender differences with different gain calculations in astronomy and biology %J Am. J. Phys. %V 77 %N 7 %D July 1, 2009 %P 651-657 %U https://doi.org/10.1119/1.3133087 %O application/pdf
EndNote Export Format
%0 Journal Article %A Willoughby, Shannon %A Metz, Anneke %D July 1, 2009 %T Exploring gender differences with different gain calculations in astronomy and biology %J Am. J. Phys. %V 77 %N 7 %P 651-657 %8 July 1, 2009 %U https://doi.org/10.1119/1.3133087 Disclaimer: ComPADRE offers citation styles as a guide only. We cannot offer interpretations about citations as this is an automated procedure. Please refer to the style manuals in the Citation Source Information area for clarifications.
Citation Source Information
The AIP Style presented is based on information from the AIP Style Manual. The APA Style presented is based on information from APA Style.org: Electronic References. The Chicago Style presented is based on information from Examples of Chicago-Style Documentation. The MLA Style presented is based on information from the MLA FAQ. |