written by Sidra Farooq, Rabiya Salman, Wasif Zia, Umer Hassan, and Muhammad Sabieh Anwar
published by the LUMS School of Science and Engineering

This is an experiment designed to measure the resistance of copper and gold nanowires using a lock-in amplifier.  Students learn:

1. about different types of noise,
2. the principles of phase-sensitive techniques,
3. to extract signals buried in noise using a lock-in amplifier,
4. to operate optical chopper to measure weak optical signals modulated at a certain frequency.
4. to measure the minute resistance of a conducting nanowires.

• Download Lock-inamplifierrevised.pdf - 220kb Adobe PDF Document

Last Modified February 10, 2012

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