• 6-8: 4E/M2. Energy can be transferred from one system to another (or from a system to its environment) in different ways: 1) thermally, when a warmer object is in contact with a cooler one; 2) mechanically, when two objects push or pull on each other over a distance; 3) electrically, when an electrical source such as a battery or generator is connected in a complete circuit to an electrical device; or 4) by electromagnetic waves.

• 6-8: 4F/M4. Vibrations in materials set up wavelike disturbances that spread away from the source. Sound and earthquake waves are examples. These and other waves move at different speeds in different materials.
• 6-8: 4F/M5. Human eyes respond to only a narrow range of wavelengths of electromagnetic waves-visible light. Differences of wavelength within that range are perceived as differences of color.
• 6-8: 4F/M6. Light acts like a wave in many ways. And waves can explain how light behaves.
• 6-8: 4F/M7. Wave behavior can be described in terms of how fast the disturbance spreads, and in terms of the distance between successive peaks of the disturbance (the wavelength).
• 9-12: 4F/H6ab. Waves can superpose on one another, bend around corners, reflect off surfaces, be absorbed by materials they enter, and change direction when entering a new material. All these effects vary with wavelength.
• 9-12: 4F/H6c. The energy of waves (like any form of energy) can be changed into other forms of energy.

• 8.F.5 Describe qualitatively the functional relationship between two quantities by analyzing a graph (e.g., where the function is increasing or decreasing, linear or nonlinear). Sketch a graph that exhibits the qualitative features of a function that has been described verbally.

• A-CED.1 Create equations and inequalities in one variable and use them to solve problems. Include equations arising from linear and quadratic functions, and simple rational and exponential functions.
• A-CED.4 Rearrange formulas to highlight a quantity of interest, using the same reasoning as in solving equations.

• F-IF.4 For a function that models a relationship between two quantities, interpret key features of graphs and tables in terms of the quantities, and sketch graphs showing key features given a verbal description of the relationship.^?

• F-LE.1.b Recognize situations in which one quantity changes at a constant rate per unit interval relative to another.

• F-TF.5 Choose trigonometric functions to model periodic phenomena with specified amplitude, frequency, and midline.^?

This PhET Gold Star-winning resource is a set of 60+ Power Point concept questions on the topic of waves, available for free download.  They were created by a high school physics teacher to be used with three PhET simulations: Wave on a String, Fourier Analysis, and Sound.  Concept questions are designed to introduce a topic and probe student understanding BEFORE formal instruction.  This method has been correlated with improved learner outcomes in studies conducted by physics education researchers. NOTE: You must be a registered PhET user to access this resource. Registration is free, easy, and well worth your time.

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