• When light shines on an object, it is reflected, absorbed, or transmitted through the object, depending on the object's material and the frequency (color) of the light. (6-8)
• The path that light travels can be traced as straight lines, except at surfaces between different transparent materials (e.g., air and water, air and glass) where the light path bends. (6-8)

• Multiple technologies based on the understanding of waves and their interactions with matter are part of everyday experiences in the modern world (e.g., medical imaging, communications, scanners) and in scientific research. They are essential tools for producing, transmitting, and capturing signals and for storing and interpreting the information contained in them. (9-12)

• Cause and effect relationships may be used to predict phenomena in natural or designed systems. (6-8)

• Systems may interact with other systems; they may have sub-systems and be a part of larger complex systems. (6-8)
• Models can be used to represent systems and their interactions—such as inputs, processes and outputs— and energy, matter, and information flows within systems. (6-8)

• Advances in technology influence the progress of science and science has influenced advances in technology. (6-8)

• 3-5: 4F/E3. Light travels and tends to maintain its direction of motion until it interacts with an object or material. Light can be absorbed, redirected, bounced back, or allowed to pass through.
• 6-8: 4F/M5. Human eyes respond to only a narrow range of wavelengths of electromagnetic waves-visible light. Differences of wavelength within that range are perceived as differences of color.
• 6-8: 4F/M8. There are a great variety of electromagnetic waves: radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and gamma rays. These wavelengths vary from radio waves, the longest, to gamma rays, the shortest.

2nd in series of four well-executed videos on how light interacts with lenses to form images. This one takes a deep look at light refraction by convex lenses. Appropriate for high school, but the first half could be adapted for middle grades. If your students don't get how incident light rays can converge to a point, they will gain a solid understanding from this video.

• Physical Sciences K-8 Microscopy and Optical Devices Unit
• Physics First Microscopy and Optical Devices Unit
• Conceptual Physics Microscopy and Optical Devices Unit
• Algebra-Based Physics Microscopy and Optical Devices Unit