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written by Michael Davidson, Matthew J. Parry-Hill, and Mortimer Abramowitz
published by the Olympus America, Inc. and the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
This item is an interactive Java simulation for students of introductory physics or optics on the phenomenon known as birefringence.  It simulates a virtual microscope with a double-refracting crystal positioned in crossed polarizers.  Users can rotate the crystal through a 360-degree rotation to view the effect.  

This item is part of a larger collection of materials for students of introductory optics and microscopy.  See Related items on this page to link to additional simulations and resources on this topic by the same authors.

Please note that this resource requires Java.
Subjects Levels Resource Types
Optics
- Geometrical Optics
= Refraction - Flat Surfaces
- Polarization
= Birefringence
- Lower Undergraduate
- Instructional Material
= Interactive Simulation
= Tutorial
- Reference Material
Intended Users Formats Ratings
- Learners
- Educators
- application/java
- text/html
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Access Rights:
Free access
Restriction:
© 1998 National High Magnetic Field Laboratory-2008
Keywords:
Simulations, birefringence, double refraction, optics, polarization, polarized light, tutorial
Record Cloner:
Metadata instance created March 31, 2008 by Caroline Hall
Record Updated:
April 27, 2009 by Lyle Barbato
Last Update
when Cataloged:
June 15, 2006
ComPADRE is beta testing Citation Styles!

Record Link
AIP Format
M. Davidson, M. Parry-Hill, and M. Abramowitz, (Olympus America, Inc., Center Valley, 1998), WWW Document, (https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/scienceopticsu/polarizedlight/crystal/).
AJP/PRST-PER
M. Davidson, M. Parry-Hill, and M. Abramowitz, Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics & You - Birefringent Crystals in Polarized Light (Olympus America, Inc., Center Valley, 1998), <https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/scienceopticsu/polarizedlight/crystal/>.
APA Format
Davidson, M., Parry-Hill, M., & Abramowitz, M. (2006, June 15). Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics & You - Birefringent Crystals in Polarized Light. Retrieved December 2, 2024, from Olympus America, Inc.: https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/scienceopticsu/polarizedlight/crystal/
Chicago Format
Davidson, M, M. Parry-Hill, and M. Abramowitz. Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics & You - Birefringent Crystals in Polarized Light. Center Valley: Olympus America, Inc., June 15, 2006. https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/scienceopticsu/polarizedlight/crystal/ (accessed 2 December 2024).
MLA Format
Davidson, Michael, Matthew J. Parry-Hill, and Mortimer Abramowitz. Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics & You - Birefringent Crystals in Polarized Light. Center Valley: Olympus America, Inc., 1998. 15 June 2006. 2 Dec. 2024 <https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/scienceopticsu/polarizedlight/crystal/>.
BibTeX Export Format
@misc{ Author = "Michael Davidson and Matthew J. Parry-Hill and Mortimer Abramowitz", Title = {Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics & You - Birefringent Crystals in Polarized Light}, Publisher = {Olympus America, Inc.}, Volume = {2024}, Number = {2 December 2024}, Month = {June 15, 2006}, Year = {1998} }
Refer Export Format

%A Michael Davidson %A Matthew J. Parry-Hill %A Mortimer Abramowitz %T Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics & You - Birefringent Crystals in Polarized Light %D June 15, 2006 %I Olympus America, Inc. %C Center Valley %U https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/scienceopticsu/polarizedlight/crystal/ %O application/java

EndNote Export Format

%0 Electronic Source %A Davidson, Michael %A Parry-Hill, Matthew J. %A Abramowitz, Mortimer %D June 15, 2006 %T Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics & You - Birefringent Crystals in Polarized Light %I Olympus America, Inc. %V 2024 %N 2 December 2024 %8 June 15, 2006 %9 application/java %U https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/scienceopticsu/polarizedlight/crystal/


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The AIP Style presented is based on information from the AIP Style Manual.

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Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics & You - Birefringent Crystals in Polarized Light:

Is Part Of Molecular Expressions: Optical Microscopy Primer - Polarized Light Microscopy

This is the full index of resources on polarized light microscopy by the same authors.  It includes basic concepts, microscope configuration, history of the technique and its applications, and full tutorials on optical birefringence and polarization of light.  Also included are links to more than a dozen related interactive Java simulations.

relation by Bruce Mason
Covers the Same Topic As Molecular Expressions: Polarized Light Microscopy - Double Refraction (Birefringence) in Iceland Spar

This is an additional interactive Java simulation by the same authors on the topic of birefringence.  It simulates light being passed through a crystal of calcite, which has strong birefringent properties.  The user will see a double image from the refracted light rays.

relation by Bruce Mason

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